Streaming apps and players typically provide technical information alongside stream requests that help reporting systems identify where listening activity originated.
This may include:
Platform identifiers
App identifiers
Device information
Listener IDs
Other metadata provided by the player or application
Modern first-party apps and web players often provide significantly richer identification data than older platforms or third-party aggregators.
This information allows reporting systems such as Radar to:
Classify listening by platform
Distinguish between app, web, smart speaker, and aggregator listening
Analyse audience behaviour across different listening environments
Improve the consistency of audience reporting
The quality and consistency of this identification can vary depending on how the app or player has been implemented.
For more information on how listener and platform identification works in modern streaming environments, see: Why Metrics Can Change After Player or App Upgrades Understanding Digital Radio Metrics